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The oldest surviving manual on western swordsmanship dates to around 1300, although historical references date fencing schools back to the 12th century.〔Sydney Anglo, ''The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe'', 2000, p 7.〕 The ancestor of modern fencing originated in Spain, where several books on fencing were written. ''Treatise on Arms'' was written by Diego de Valera between 1458 and 1471, shortly before dueling came under official ban by the Catholic Monarchs. When Spain became the leading power of Europe, the Spanish carried fencing abroad and particularly into the south of Italy, one of the main battlefields between both nations. Modern fencing originated in the 18th century, in the Italian school of fencing of the Renaissance, and, under their influence, was improved by the French school. The Spanish school didn't become prominent until the 19th century. Nowadays, these three schools are the most influential around the world. ==Terminology== The English term ''fencing'', in the sense of "the action or art of using the sword scientifically" (OED) dates to the late 16th century, when it denoted systems designed for the Renaissance rapier. It is derived from the latinate ''defence'' (while conversely, the Romance term for fencing, ''scherma, escrima'' are derived from the Germanic (Old Frankish) '' *skrim'' "to shield, cover, defend"). The verb ''to fence'' derived from the noun ''fence'', originally meaning "the act of defending", etymologically derived from Old French ''defens'' "defence", ultimately from the Latin. The first attestation of Middle English ''fens'' "defence" dates to the 14th century;〔Robert Manning of Brunne, ''The story of England'' (ca. 1330), 8638: "To stonde to fens auailled nought", cited after OED.〕 the derived meaning "to surround with a fence" dates to c. 1500. The first known English use of ''Spain '' in reference to Renaissance swordsmanship is in William Shakespeare's ''Merry Wives of Windsor'': "Alas sir, I cannot fence."〔Harper, Douglas (2001), (''Online Etymology Dictionary'' ).〕 This specialized usage replaced the generic ''fight'' (Old English ''feohtan'', cognate with the German ''fechten'', which remains the standard term for "fencing" in Modern German). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of fencing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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